Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) square measure a flexible tool to tune physical surface properties of a good vary of materials; Optical, magnetic, conductive properties to call the foremost vital ones. LIPSS formation in twin and multilayer systems expands the vary of modifications potential. At somewhat higher energies than necessary for LIPSS formation alternative surface modifications seem. We have a tendency to show that the complete vary of colours within the visible and close to IR is feasible to comprehend on stainless-steel, a inexperienced methodology to optical device color these surfaces. Generation of nanowires is one amongst the opposite choices on the market with LIPSS. as an example sub-wavelength wide nanowires of gold and semiconducting material are complete. The theoretical background is fairly understood; except for advanced systems these theories want additional elaboration. Terribly attention-grabbing square measure uses were the LIPSS method simply is AN facultative tool for advanced applications. In Fig. two the expansion of carbon nanotubes catalysed by iron compound nanoparticles ready in place. Principle of the LIPSS method and periodical optical device evoked dewetting (PLiD), B) CNT growth. a) Cross-sectional SEM read of CNTs (green) and iron compound nanoparticles (orange) visualizes the nanoparticle catalysts at the ideas of the CNTs. b) Tip region of a personal CNT. c) TEM image of a catalyst particle within a multiwalled CNT. d) TEM imagingof multiple catalyst particles within the tip region of a MWCNT. Ultrafast laser-induced periodic surface subwavelength ripples, categorised supported the ripple amount into near-subwavelength ripples (NSRs) and deep-subwavelength ripples (DSRs), square measure more and more found within the sort of materials like metals, semiconductors and dielectrics. The fabrication of gradable periodic NSRs and DSRs on constant laser-irradiated space remains a challenge since the affiliation between the 2 remains a puzzle. Here we have a tendency to gift AN experimental study of linearly polarized unit of time laser-induced gradable periodic NSRs and DSRs on stainless-steel surfaces. whereas experiencing peak power density above a threshold price of ninety one.9 GW/cm2, within the laser-scanned space seem the gradable periodic NSRs and DSRs (in explicit, the DSRs square measure vertically situated within the depression of parallel NSRs). An oversized space of the uniformly gradable periodic NSRs and DSRs, with the spacial periods 356 ± seventeen nm and fifty eight ± fifteen nm, severally, is unreal by a collection of optimized laser-scanning parameters. A
