In recent years, there has been a trend in Ukraine and in the world of an increase in the incidence of germ cell tumors (GCT). Among the etiologic factors in testicular carcinogenesis, particular attention is paid to the association of GCT with male infertility, which has been confirmed in many studies. Among the environmental factors, that can initiate carcinogenesis, the most noteworthy are the biological effects of low doses of ionizing radiation, such as the effect of radiation-induced genome instability, the “bystander effect” and chronic oxidative stress, which are increases the risk of carcinogenesis. The aim is to study the role of the ubiquitin-proteasomal system and components of the blood-testis barrier, as well as action of TGF-β in the regulation of spermatogenesis in male infertility, including of patients living in 137Cs radiocontaminated regions of Ukraine, as well as in the initial stages of carcinogenesis for the future determination of early diagnosis of germ cell tumors of the testis and the development of preventive measures.
