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Role of immunology laboratory in diagnosing renal diseases

Sabiha Anis

Immune mediated injuries comprise a major bulk of renal disorders that mostly manifest as acute or chronic glomerulonephritides. Besides initial investigations for renal disorders, diagnosis of immune mediated renal diseases requires a battery of immunological tests and renal histopathology. The laboratory tests include anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) followed by anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies (antidsDNA) and/or anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA), complement levels (C3, C4, factor H), rheumatoid factor (RF), C reactive proteins (CRP), anti-streptococcal antibodies including anti streptolysin-O titer (ASOT) and anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNAse B), anti-neutrophilcytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-glomerular-basement membrane antibodies (anti-GBM), cryoglobulins detection, anti-phospholipid antibodies, nephritic factor, anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (anti-PLA2R) etc. The correct interpretation of these tests by an immunologist in collaboration with histopathologists and nephrologists is the key to an accurate diagnosis and successful management of patients with renal diseases. A brief overview of the tests from the immunologist’s perspectives for the diagnosis and monitoring of renal disorders is given in this review.


 
అసోకేషన్స్, సొసైటీలు మరియు యూనివర్శిటీల కోసం పీర్ రివ్యూ పబ్లిషింగ్ pulsus-health-tech
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